DAY 10: A Blind Date in Korea?! Learn Dating Expressions in Korean

🌸 What You’ll Learn

🌸 10 Key Korean Sentences

🌸 Key Vocabulary & Expressions

• 소개팅: blind date (literally "introduction meeting")

• 소개팅을 하다: to go on a blind date

• 선배: upperclassman/senior (older person in school/work)

• 시켜 주다: to set up (for someone) / to arrange

• 낯을 가리다: to be shy around strangers

• 편이다: to tend to be / to be the type who

• 후회하다: to regret

• 예상: expectation

• 잘생기다: to be handsome/good-looking

• 첫인상: first impression

• 마음에 들다: to like / to be pleased with

• ~은 후에: after ~

• 산책하다: to take a walk

• 중간에: in the middle / along the way

• 들르다: to stop by / to drop in

• 얘기가 통하다: conversation flows well / to understand each other

• 유머 코드: sense of humor

• 유머 코드가 맞다: to share a similar sense of humor

• 몇 번: a few times

• 만나다 : to meet

• 예정: plan/schedule

• 다음번: next time

• 한강 공원: Hangang Park

• 자전거 타다: to ride a bicycle

• 둘 다: both

• 운동하다: to exercise / to work out

🌸 Grammar Breakdown

1. Verb + Noun modifier + Noun

• 💡 제 한국 친구가 자기가 아는 선배와 소개팅을 시켜 주었어요.
• 알(다) + 는 (Noun modifier, present tense) + 선배
• My Korean friend set me up with an upperclassman she knows.
💡 사실, 제가 낯을 가리는 편이라, 소개팅을 한다고 한 걸 후회했어요.
• 하(다) + ㄴ(Noun modifier, past tense) + 걸(것을)
• To be honest, I'm shy around strangers, so I regretted agreeing to the blind date.
💡 같이 저녁을 먹은 후에는 한강 공원에 가서 산책했어요.
• 먹(다) + 은(Noun modifier, past tense) + 후에는
• After having dinner together, we went for a walk at Hangang Park.
💡 몇 번 더 만나볼 예정이에요.
• 만나보(다) + ㄹ(Noun modifier, future tense) + 예정이에요
• We’re planning to hang out a few more times.
💡 둘 다 운동하는 걸 좋아해서, 같이 할 수 있는 것들이 많을 것 같아요.
• 운동하(다) + 는 (Noun modifier, present tense) + 걸(것을)
• 하(다) + ㄹ (Noun modifier, future tense) + 수
• 있(다) + 는 (Noun modifier, present tense) + 것들이
• 많(다) + 을 (Noun modifier, future tense) + 것
• Since we both enjoy working out, I think there’s a lot we can do together.

• Verb phrase + Noun modifier + Noun

• When a verb describes a noun in Korean, you need a noun modifier — just like saying “the book that I read” or “the person who is coming” in English.
They help you turn actions or descriptions into modifiers for nouns, giving more detail about the thing or person you're talking about.
Its form depends on the verb’s type and tense. You can explore the tables below for both a simple overview and a detailed breakdown.

• The table below gives you an overview of Noun Modifier
🍅 Simple Summary Table for Noun Modifiers 🍅

Ending	When to Use	Example	Meaning
~는	Present tense (Action Verbs)	먹는 음식	the food I'm eating
~ㄴ / ~은	Past tense (Verbs)	먹은 음식 / 본 영화	the food I ate / the movie I saw
~ㄹ / ~을	Future tense (Verbs)	먹을 음식 / 볼 영화	food to eat / movie to watch
~던 / ~았던 / ~었던 / ~했던	Past habit or background action	갔던 곳 / 먹었던 곳	the place I went / the place I ate
~ㄴ / ~은	Present tense (Descriptive Verbs)	큰 가방 / 작은 가방	a big bag / a small bag
~았던 / ~었던 / ~했던	Past state (Descriptive Verbs)	작았던 방 / 예뻤던 방	the room that used to be small/pretty
~ㄹ / ~을	Future guess or appearance (Descriptive Verbs)	예쁠 것 같은 옷 / 작을 것 같은 옷	clothes that look pretty/small
~인	Present (Noun + 이다)	선생님인 친구	a friend who is a teacher
~였던 / ~이었던	Past (Noun + 이다)	의사였던 친구 / 학생이었던 친구	a friend who used to be a doctor/student
~일	Future (Noun + 이다)	선생님일 나의 아내	my wife who will be a teacher

• If you want to see how Noun Modifier forms change more specifically, take a look at the table below.
🍅 Detailed Pattern Table for Noun Modifiers 🍅
Verb Type	Tense	Ending	Rule	Example	Meaning
Action Verb	Present	+ 는	stem + 는	먹는 음식	the food I’m eating
Action Verb	Past	+ ㄴ/은	vowel-ending stem + ㄴ consonant-ending stem + 은	본 영화 먹은 음식	the movie I saw the food I ate
Action Verb	Future	+ ㄹ(을)	vowel-ending stem + ㄹ ㄹ-ending stem + consonant (except ㄹ)-ending stem + 을	볼 영화 놀 계획 먹을 음식	movie to watch plans to hang out food to eat
Action Verb	Temporary Habitual Action in the Past	+ 던 (-았던/었던/했던)	ㅏ/ㅗ vowel stem + 았던 other vowel stem + 었던 하다 verb → 했던	갔던 곳 먹었던 곳 공부했던 곳	the place I went to the place I ate the place where I studied
Descriptive Verb	Present	+ ㄴ/은	vowel-ending stem + ㄴ consonant-ending stem + 은	큰 가방 작은 가방	a big bag a small bag
Descriptive Verb	Temporary State in the Past	+ 던 (-았던/었던)	ㅏ/ㅗ vowel stem + 았던 other vowel stem + 었던	작았던 방 예뻤던 방	the room that used to be small the room that used to be pretty
Descriptive Verb	Future	+ ㄹ(을)	vowel-ending stem + ㄹ ㄹ-ending stem + consonant (except ㄹ)-ending stem + 을	예쁠 것 같은 옷 길 것 같은 옷 작을 것 같은 옷	Clothes that look like they’ll be pretty Clothes that look like they’ll be long Clothes that look like they’ll be small
Noun+이다 verb	Present	+ ㄴ	Noun+인	선생님인 친구	a friend who is a teacher
Noun+이다 verb	Past	+었던	vowel-ending noun + 였던 consonant-ending noun + 이었던	의사였던 친구 선생님이었던 친구	a friend who used to be a doctor a friend who was a teacher
Noun+이다 verb	Future	+ ㄹ	Noun+일	영원히 가장 소중한 친구일 나의 아내	My wife, who will forever be my most precious friend
⚠️ The ending “–일” is grammatically correct, but it’s rarely used in everyday conversation.
It sounds a bit formal or literary, and more common alternatives are usually preferred in spoken Korean.

2. ~ 편이다

• Verb phrase + Noun modifier + 편이다

• 저는 매운 음식을 잘 먹는 편이에요. → I tend to eat spicy food well.

• 그 사람은 조용한 편이에요. → That person tends to be quiet.

• 우리 가족은 일찍 자는 편이에요. → Our family tends to go to bed early.

• When a verb describes a noun in Korean, you need a noun modifier — just like saying “the book that I read” or “the person who is coming” in English.
They help you turn actions or descriptions into modifiers for nouns, giving more detail about the thing or person you're talking about.
Its form depends on the verb’s type and tense. You can explore the tables below for both a simple overview and a detailed breakdown.

• The table below gives you an overview of Noun Modifier
🍅 Simple Summary Table for Noun Modifiers 🍅

Ending	When to Use	Example	Meaning
~는	Present tense (Action Verbs)	먹는 음식	the food I'm eating
~ㄴ / ~은	Past tense (Verbs)	먹은 음식 / 본 영화	the food I ate / the movie I saw
~ㄹ / ~을	Future tense (Verbs)	먹을 음식 / 볼 영화	food to eat / movie to watch
~던 / ~았던 / ~었던 / ~했던	Past habit or background action	갔던 곳 / 먹었던 곳	the place I went / the place I ate
~ㄴ / ~은	Present tense (Descriptive Verbs)	큰 가방 / 작은 가방	a big bag / a small bag
~았던 / ~었던 / ~했던	Past state (Descriptive Verbs)	작았던 방 / 예뻤던 방	the room that used to be small/pretty
~ㄹ / ~을	Future guess or appearance (Descriptive Verbs)	예쁠 것 같은 옷 / 작을 것 같은 옷	clothes that look pretty/small
~인	Present (Noun + 이다)	선생님인 친구	a friend who is a teacher
~였던 / ~이었던	Past (Noun + 이다)	의사였던 친구 / 학생이었던 친구	a friend who used to be a doctor/student
~일	Future (Noun + 이다)	선생님일 나의 아내	my wife who will be a teacher

• If you want to see how Noun Modifier forms change more specifically, take a look at the table below.
🍅 Detailed Pattern Table for Noun Modifiers 🍅
Verb Type	Tense	Ending	Rule	Example	Meaning
Action Verb	Present	+ 는	stem + 는	먹는 음식	the food I’m eating
Action Verb	Past	+ ㄴ/은	vowel-ending stem + ㄴ consonant-ending stem + 은	본 영화 먹은 음식	the movie I saw the food I ate
Action Verb	Future	+ ㄹ(을)	vowel-ending stem + ㄹ ㄹ-ending stem + consonant (except ㄹ)-ending stem + 을	볼 영화 놀 계획 먹을 음식	movie to watch plans to hang out food to eat
Action Verb	Temporary Habitual Action in the Past	+ 던 (-았던/었던/했던)	ㅏ/ㅗ vowel stem + 았던 other vowel stem + 었던 하다 verb → 했던	갔던 곳 먹었던 곳 공부했던 곳	the place I went to the place I ate the place where I studied
Descriptive Verb	Present	+ ㄴ/은	vowel-ending stem + ㄴ consonant-ending stem + 은	큰 가방 작은 가방	a big bag a small bag
Descriptive Verb	Temporary State in the Past	+ 던 (-았던/었던)	ㅏ/ㅗ vowel stem + 았던 other vowel stem + 었던	작았던 방 예뻤던 방	the room that used to be small the room that used to be pretty
Descriptive Verb	Future	+ ㄹ(을)	vowel-ending stem + ㄹ ㄹ-ending stem + consonant (except ㄹ)-ending stem + 을	예쁠 것 같은 옷 길 것 같은 옷 작을 것 같은 옷	Clothes that look like they’ll be pretty Clothes that look like they’ll be long Clothes that look like they’ll be small
Noun+이다 verb	Present	+ ㄴ	Noun+인	선생님인 친구	a friend who is a teacher
Noun+이다 verb	Past	+었던	vowel-ending noun + 였던 consonant-ending noun + 이었던	의사였던 친구 선생님이었던 친구	a friend who used to be a doctor a friend who was a teacher
Noun+이다 verb	Future	+ ㄹ	Noun+일	영원히 가장 소중한 친구일 나의 아내	My wife, who will forever be my most precious friend
⚠️ The ending “–일” is grammatically correct, but it’s rarely used in everyday conversation.
It sounds a bit formal or literary, and more common alternatives are usually preferred in spoken Korean.

3. ~다고

• In Korean, “-고” is used as a quote marker in indirect speech.

• It connects the quoted content (what someone said, thought, or felt) to a reporting verb like 말하다 (to say), 생각하다 (to think), or 고백하다 (to confess).

• In many cases, the general verb 하다 can replace those specific reporting verbs.

• It marks the part of the sentence that expresses what someone said, thought, asked, or suggested, indirectly.

• The form of the quote marker depends on the type of sentence being quoted:
• For declarative (statement) sentences, use ~다고

• 💡 소개팅을 한다고 하다 → I said that I was going on a blind date.
• In this sentence, the reporting verb 하다 functions like 말하다 (“to say” or “to state”) and is used to report what someone said indirectly.

• Verb stem + 다고 + reporting verb
However, when the quoted content ends with noun + 이다 verb, the sentence structure changes to 'noun + (이)라고 + reporting verb

• For other sentence types besides declarative statements, refer to the table below to see how the quote marker changes.
🍅 Korean Quote Markers - Quick Reference 🍅

Sentence Type	Quote Marker	Example
Statement	다고	간다고 (said going)
Question	냐고/느냐고	가냐고 (asked if going)
Command	(으)라고	가라고 (told to go)
Suggestion	자고	가자고 (suggested going)

🍅 Quote Marker Patterns by Sentence Type 🍅

Sentence Type	Type of Verb in Quoted Sentence	Sentence structure	Example	Meaning
Statement – Verb	Verb ends in 다	Verb stem + 다고 + reporting verb	친구가 온다고 했어요.	My friend said (he) is coming.
Statement – Noun + 이다	Vowel-ending Noun + 이다	Vowel-ending Noun + 라고 + reporting verb	그는 친구가 의사라고 했어요.	He said that his friend is a doctor.
Statement – Noun + 이다	Consonant-ending Noun + 이다	Consonant-ending Noun + 이라고 + reporting verb	그는 친구가 학생이라고 했어요.	He said that his friend is a student.
Question - Verb	Vowel-ending stem	Verb stem + 냐고 + reporting verb	그는 내가 어디 가냐고 물어봤어요.	He asked where I go.
Question - Verb	ㄹ-ending stem	Remove ㄹ + 냐고 + reporting verb	그는 내가 어디 사냐고 물어봤어요.	He asked where I live.
Question - Verb	Consonant (except ㄹ)-ending stem	Verb stem + 느냐고 + reporting verb	그는 내가 뭐 먹느냐고 물어봤어요.	He asked what I eat
Question - Noun + 이다	Vowel-ending Noun + 이다	Vowel-ending Noun + 냐고 + reporting verb	그는 누가 의사냐고 물어봤어요.	He asked who is a doctor.
Question - Noun + 이다	Consonant-ending Noun + 이다	Consonant-ending Noun + 이냐고 + reporting verb	그는 누가 학생이냐고 물어봤어요.	He asked who is a student.
Command -Verb	ㄹ/ Vowel-ending verb	Verb stem + 라고 + reporting verb	그가 빨리 가라고 했어요. 그가 조용히 살라고 했어요.	(He) told (me) to go quickly. (He) told (me) to live quietly.
Command -Verb	Consonant (except ㄹ)-ending stem	Verb stem + 으라고 + reporting verb	그가 밥 먹으라고 했어요.	(He) told (me) to eat.
Suggestion	All verb types	Verb stem + 자고 + reporting verb	그가 같이 가자고 했어요.	(He) suggested going together.

4. ~ 때

• “때” means “when” or “at the time of.”

• It can follow either a noun or a noun-modifying clause to describe the time something happened.

• 시험 때 항상 긴장돼요. → I always get nervous during exams.

• 방학 때 여행 갔어요. → I traveled during vacation.

• 💡 처음 만났을 때 첫인상부터 마음에 들었어요 → When I first met him/her, I liked them right away — starting with the first impression.

• 내가 잘 때 비가 왔어요. → While I was sleeping, it rained.

• 내가 먹을 때 비가 왔어요. → While I was eating., it rained

• 비가 왔을 때 우리는 안에 있었어요. → When it rained, we stayed inside.

• 내가 어렸을 때 강아지를 키웠어요. → I raised a dog when I was young.

• 내가 의사였을 때 바빴어요. → I was busy when I was a doctor

• 내가 선생님이었을 때 바빴어요. → I was busy when I was a teacher

• 숙제를 다 했을 때는 밤 12시였어요. → When I finished all my homework, it was 12 a.m.

• You’ve probably noticed that verb phrase + 때 doesn’t use the regular noun modifiers.
That’s because it’s a set pattern, and it’s best to memorize how it works as-is.

5. ~아서 / ~어서 / ~ 해서 / ~ (이)라서

• Reason Connector & Sequence Connector

• Gives a reason or Connects two actions (“so” / “and then”)

• 💡 근데, 그 선배를 처음 만났을 때 예상보다 잘생겨서 첫인상부터 마음에 들었어요.
• 잘생기(다) + 어서 → 잘생겨서 (Reason Connector)
• But when I first met him, he was more handsome than I expected, so I liked him right away — starting with the first impression
💡 같이 저녁을 먹은 후에는 한강 공원에 가서 산책했어요.
• 가(다) + 아서 → 가서 (Sequence Connector)
• After having dinner together, we went to Hangang Park and then took a walk.
💡 중간에 카페에 들러서 커피도 같이 마셨어요.
• 들르(다) + 어서 → 들러서 (Sequence Connector)
• We stopped by a café on the way and then had some coffee together.
💡 둘 다 운동하는 걸 좋아해서, 같이 할 수 있는 것들이 많을 것 같아요.
• 좋아하(다) → 좋아해서 (Reason Connector)
• Since we both like working out, I think there will be a lot of things we can do together.

• 배가 아파서 병원에 갔어요. → My stomach hurt, so I went to the hospital.

• 늦어서 미안해요. → I’m sorry because I’m late.

• 피곤해서 일찍 잤어요. → I was tired, so I went to bed early.

• 간호사라서 바빠요. → I’m busy because I’m a nurse.

• 학생이라서 바빠요. → I’m busy because I’m a student.

• 맛있게 요리해서 먹었어요 → I cooked a delicious meal and ate it

• 도서관에 가서 책을 보았어요 → I went to the library and read a book.

6. ~고

• “~고” is a connector that links two verbs or clauses.

• It can mean “and,” “and then,” or show that two actions/states are happening in sequence or at the same time.

• 💡얘기가 잘 통하고, → Our conversation flowed well, and

• Verb stem + -고

• 책을 읽고 숙제를 했어요. → I read a book and did my homework.

• 밥을 먹고 나갔어요. → I ate and then went out.

7. ~기로 하다

• ~기로 했어요: It is used to express a decision that has been made — usually by the speaker or together with someone else.

• 💡 자전거 타기로 했어요 → We decided to ride bikes.

• Verb stem + 기로 하다

• Base form: Verb stem + 기로 하다

• Polite form (present tense): Verb stem + 기로 해요 → decide to do (something)

• Polite form (past tense): Verb stem + 기로 했어요. → decided to do (something)

• 운동하기로 했어요. → I decided to exercise.

• 자기로 했어요. → I decided to sleep.

8. ~ㄹ/을 수 있다

• Can / be able to ~

• This pattern is used to express ability or possibility.
It shows that someone has the skill, permission, or opportunity to do something.

• 💡 할 수 있다 → can do / be able to do

• Verb stem + ㄹ/을 수 있다

• 한국어를 읽을 수 있어요. → I can read Korean.

• 저는 수영할 수 있어요. → I can swim.

9. Verb phrase + Noun modifier + 것

• This Korean structure is used to turn a verb into a noun phrase
— kind of like saying “the act of ~ing”, “what someone did”, or “the thing that...” in English.
It’s a way to nominalize (make into a noun) a verb or action.

• ‘게’ is a contraction of ‘것이’ (이 = subject marker)

• “걸” is a contraction of “것을’ (을 = object marker)

• 💡 소개팅을 한다고 한 걸 후회했어요.
• 소개팅을 한다고 하(다) + ㄴ(Noun modifier , past tense) + 걸(것을)
• I regretted saying I’d go on a blind date.
💡 둘 다 운동하는 걸 좋아해서, 같이 할 수 있는 것들이 많다
• 운동하(다) + 는 (Noun modifier , present tense) + 걸 (것을)
• 할 수 있(다) + 는 (Noun modifier , present tense) + 것들이
• Since we both like working out, there are lots of things we can do together

• Action verb + Noun modifier + 것

• 공부하는 것이 재미있어요. → Studying is fun.

• 요리하는 것을 좋아해요. → I like cooking.

• Different functions of 것
In Korean, ‘것’ can mean “thing,” function like an English gerund or to-infinitive, and turn entire clauses into nouns—just like “that” or “what” in English.
For more details, take a look at the table below.
🍅 Table of the Different Functions of ‘것 🍅

Function	ㅤ	Example	Literal	Natural
Noun	Demonstrative pronoun, thing	이것은 책상이에요 새로운 것을 배우고 싶어요 예쁜 것을 사고 싶어요	This thing is a desk. I want to learn new thing. I want to buy pretty thing.	This is a desk. I want to learn something new I want to buy something pretty
Verb Nominalization (works like gerunds or to-infinitives)	Turns verbs into noun phrases (like gerunds or to-infinitives in English)	운동하는 것이 취미에요 운동하는 것을 좋아해요 제 꿈은 의사가 되는 것이에요. 새로운 언어를 배우는 것은 시간이 걸린다.	Exercising is my hobby. I like exercising. My dream is to become a doctor. To learn a new language takes time.	ㅤ
Clause Wrapper (that)	Turns a full sentence into a noun clause (like ‘that…’ in English)	어제 그 사람이 그렇게 행동한 것은 정말 이상했어요 우리가 한국에 여행간 것은 좋은 경험이었어요 나는 그가 거짓말 한 것을 알아요	That he acted that way was really strange. That we went to Korea was a good experience I know that he lied	It was really strange that he acted that way. Our trip to Korea was a really good experience.
Clause Wrapper (what)	function as the relative pronoun	엄마가 만든 것이 최고예요. 어제 산 것을 보여 줄게요. 좋아하는 것을 골라보세요.	What my mom made is the best I'll show you what I got yesterday Choose what you want	ㅤ

• A verb phrase often appears before ‘것.’ When it does, you need to turn that verb into a noun modifier form.
• When a verb describes a noun in Korean, you need a noun modifier — just like saying “the book that I read” or “the person who is coming” in English.
They help you turn actions or descriptions into modifiers for nouns, giving more detail about the thing or person you're talking about.
Its form depends on the verb’s type and tense. You can explore the tables below for both a simple overview and a detailed breakdown.
• The table below gives you an overview of Noun Modifier
🍅 Simple Summary Table for Noun Modifiers 🍅

Ending	When to Use	Example	Meaning
~는	Present tense (Action Verbs)	먹는 음식	the food I'm eating
~ㄴ / ~은	Past tense (Verbs)	먹은 음식 / 본 영화	the food I ate / the movie I saw
~ㄹ / ~을	Future tense (Verbs)	먹을 음식 / 볼 영화	food to eat / movie to watch
~던 / ~았던 / ~었던 / ~했던	Past habit or background action	갔던 곳 / 먹었던 곳	the place I went / the place I ate
~ㄴ / ~은	Present tense (Descriptive Verbs)	큰 가방 / 작은 가방	a big bag / a small bag
~았던 / ~었던 / ~했던	Past state (Descriptive Verbs)	작았던 방 / 예뻤던 방	the room that used to be small/pretty
~ㄹ / ~을	Future guess or appearance (Descriptive Verbs)	예쁠 것 같은 옷 / 작을 것 같은 옷	clothes that look pretty/small
~인	Present (Noun + 이다)	선생님인 친구	a friend who is a teacher
~였던 / ~이었던	Past (Noun + 이다)	의사였던 친구 / 학생이었던 친구	a friend who used to be a doctor/student
~일	Future (Noun + 이다)	선생님일 나의 아내	my wife who will be a teacher

• If you want to see how Noun Modifier forms change more specifically, take a look at the table below.
🍅 Detailed Pattern Table for Noun Modifiers 🍅
Verb Type	Tense	Ending	Rule	Example	Meaning
Action Verb	Present	+ 는	stem + 는	먹는 음식	the food I’m eating
Action Verb	Past	+ ㄴ/은	vowel-ending stem + ㄴ consonant-ending stem + 은	본 영화 먹은 음식	the movie I saw the food I ate
Action Verb	Future	+ ㄹ(을)	vowel-ending stem + ㄹ ㄹ-ending stem + consonant (except ㄹ)-ending stem + 을	볼 영화 놀 계획 먹을 음식	movie to watch plans to hang out food to eat
Action Verb	Temporary Habitual Action in the Past	+ 던 (-았던/었던/했던)	ㅏ/ㅗ vowel stem + 았던 other vowel stem + 었던 하다 verb → 했던	갔던 곳 먹었던 곳 공부했던 곳	the place I went to the place I ate the place where I studied
Descriptive Verb	Present	+ ㄴ/은	vowel-ending stem + ㄴ consonant-ending stem + 은	큰 가방 작은 가방	a big bag a small bag
Descriptive Verb	Temporary State in the Past	+ 던 (-았던/었던)	ㅏ/ㅗ vowel stem + 았던 other vowel stem + 었던	작았던 방 예뻤던 방	the room that used to be small the room that used to be pretty
Descriptive Verb	Future	+ ㄹ(을)	vowel-ending stem + ㄹ ㄹ-ending stem + consonant (except ㄹ)-ending stem + 을	예쁠 것 같은 옷 길 것 같은 옷 작을 것 같은 옷	Clothes that look like they’ll be pretty Clothes that look like they’ll be long Clothes that look like they’ll be small
Noun+이다 verb	Present	+ ㄴ	Noun+인	선생님인 친구	a friend who is a teacher
Noun+이다 verb	Past	+었던	vowel-ending noun + 였던 consonant-ending noun + 이었던	의사였던 친구 선생님이었던 친구	a friend who used to be a doctor a friend who was a teacher
Noun+이다 verb	Future	+ ㄹ	Noun+일	영원히 가장 소중한 친구일 나의 아내	My wife, who will forever be my most precious friend
⚠️ The ending “–일” is grammatically correct, but it’s rarely used in everyday conversation.
It sounds a bit formal or literary, and more common alternatives are usually preferred in spoken Korean.

10. ~것 같다

• Use ~것 같다 to express your guess, opinion, or impression based on what you see, hear, feel, or know.
You’re not 100% certain — you're making a judgment based on a situation or observation.
• It's like saying:
• "It seems like..."
• "It looks like..."
• "I think..."
• Base form: ~것 같다
Polite form (present tense): ~ 것 같아요
• In casual speech, it’s often pronounced “거 같아요”

• 💡 둘 다 운동하는 걸 좋아해서, 같이 할 수 있는 것들이 많을 것 같아요.
• 많(다) + 을 (Noun modifier, future tense) + 것 같아요
• Since we both enjoy working out, I think there’s a lot we can do together.

• Verb stem + Noun modifier + 것 같다

• 비가 오는 것 같아요. → It seems like it’s raining.

• 비가 올 것 같아요. → It looks like it’s going to rain.

• 친구가 자는 것 같아요. → I think my friend is sleeping.

• 사람들이 많이 기다리는 것 같아요. → It looks like a lot of people are waiting.

• 시험이 어려울 것 같아요. → I think the test will be hard.

• When a verb describes a noun in Korean, you need a noun modifier — just like saying “the book that I read” or “the person who is coming” in English.
They help you turn actions or descriptions into modifiers for nouns, giving more detail about the thing or person you're talking about.
Its form depends on the verb’s type and tense. You can explore the tables below for both a simple overview and a detailed breakdown.

• The table below gives you an overview of Noun Modifier
🍅 Simple Summary Table for Noun Modifiers 🍅

Ending	When to Use	Example	Meaning
~는	Present tense (Action Verbs)	먹는 음식	the food I'm eating
~ㄴ / ~은	Past tense (Verbs)	먹은 음식 / 본 영화	the food I ate / the movie I saw
~ㄹ / ~을	Future tense (Verbs)	먹을 음식 / 볼 영화	food to eat / movie to watch
~던 / ~았던 / ~었던 / ~했던	Past habit or background action	갔던 곳 / 먹었던 곳	the place I went / the place I ate
~ㄴ / ~은	Present tense (Descriptive Verbs)	큰 가방 / 작은 가방	a big bag / a small bag
~았던 / ~었던 / ~했던	Past state (Descriptive Verbs)	작았던 방 / 예뻤던 방	the room that used to be small/pretty
~ㄹ / ~을	Future guess or appearance (Descriptive Verbs)	예쁠 것 같은 옷 / 작을 것 같은 옷	clothes that look pretty/small
~인	Present (Noun + 이다)	선생님인 친구	a friend who is a teacher
~였던 / ~이었던	Past (Noun + 이다)	의사였던 친구 / 학생이었던 친구	a friend who used to be a doctor/student
~일	Future (Noun + 이다)	선생님일 나의 아내	my wife who will be a teacher

• If you want to see how Noun Modifier forms change more specifically, take a look at the table below.
🍅 Detailed Pattern Table for Noun Modifiers 🍅
Verb Type	Tense	Ending	Rule	Example	Meaning
Action Verb	Present	+ 는	stem + 는	먹는 음식	the food I’m eating
Action Verb	Past	+ ㄴ/은	vowel-ending stem + ㄴ consonant-ending stem + 은	본 영화 먹은 음식	the movie I saw the food I ate
Action Verb	Future	+ ㄹ(을)	vowel-ending stem + ㄹ ㄹ-ending stem + consonant (except ㄹ)-ending stem + 을	볼 영화 놀 계획 먹을 음식	movie to watch plans to hang out food to eat
Action Verb	Temporary Habitual Action in the Past	+ 던 (-았던/었던/했던)	ㅏ/ㅗ vowel stem + 았던 other vowel stem + 었던 하다 verb → 했던	갔던 곳 먹었던 곳 공부했던 곳	the place I went to the place I ate the place where I studied
Descriptive Verb	Present	+ ㄴ/은	vowel-ending stem + ㄴ consonant-ending stem + 은	큰 가방 작은 가방	a big bag a small bag
Descriptive Verb	Temporary State in the Past	+ 던 (-았던/었던)	ㅏ/ㅗ vowel stem + 았던 other vowel stem + 었던	작았던 방 예뻤던 방	the room that used to be small the room that used to be pretty
Descriptive Verb	Future	+ ㄹ(을)	vowel-ending stem + ㄹ ㄹ-ending stem + consonant (except ㄹ)-ending stem + 을	예쁠 것 같은 옷 길 것 같은 옷 작을 것 같은 옷	Clothes that look like they’ll be pretty Clothes that look like they’ll be long Clothes that look like they’ll be small
Noun+이다 verb	Present	+ ㄴ	Noun+인	선생님인 친구	a friend who is a teacher
Noun+이다 verb	Past	+었던	vowel-ending noun + 였던 consonant-ending noun + 이었던	의사였던 친구 선생님이었던 친구	a friend who used to be a doctor a friend who was a teacher
Noun+이다 verb	Future	+ ㄹ	Noun+일	영원히 가장 소중한 친구일 나의 아내	My wife, who will forever be my most precious friend
⚠️ The ending “–일” is grammatically correct, but it’s rarely used in everyday conversation.
It sounds a bit formal or literary, and more common alternatives are usually preferred in spoken Korean.

🌸 Extra Cultural or Language Notes